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## Introduction |
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CppCMS views are actually classes, and thus you can derive one view from other, override different templates and so on. |
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This gives a developer a very powerful tool to design HTML templates. |
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For example, we create a `master` view that includes |
basic CSS and HTML style, and defines placeholders for different types of content that should be included. Then we derive different views that are responsible for actual content. |
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master |
/ | \ |
news page intro |
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Of course the content for the derived views should be also |
be derived of the parent content classes. |
be derived from the parent content classes. |
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## Content |
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Let's create our `content.h` for the sample hierarchy above. |
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First we define our `master` content in `content` namespace. |
First we define our `master` content in the `content` namespace. |
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struct master : public cppcms::base_content { |
std::string title; |
}; |
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It would include shared information like our web site title. |
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Then we create a `news` content derived from the master: |
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struct news : public master { |
std::list<std::string> news_list; |
}; |
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It would add some set of "news" messages we want to display, we do the same for `page` content: |
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struct page : public master { |
std::string page_title, page_content; |
}; |
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With, of course, different data. For the "introduction" page |
we would use the same `master` content as we would |
we would use the same `master` content, as we would |
not need more data. |
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## Views |
### Master |
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Let's show our `master.tmpl`: |
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As usual we define the include and the skin name: |
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<% c++ #include "content.h" %> |
<% skin myskin %> |
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Then we define our `master` view |
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<% view master uses content::master %> |
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We create some generic title that can be overridden. |
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<% template title() %><%= title %><% end %> |
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Define the real content we want to display |
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<% template page_content() %>Override Me<% end %> |
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And finally we define our main `render` function |
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<% template render() %> |
<html> |
<head> |
<title><% include title() %></title> |
</head> |
<body> |
<h1><% include title() %></h1> |
<div id="content"> |
<% include page_content() %> |
</div> |
</body> |
</html> |
<% end template %> |
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Note: |
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- We use `title()` in several places |
- We put our placeholders in the locations we want, in our |
case it is one placeholder `page_content()` |
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Then we finish our `master.tmpl` as usual |
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<% end view %> |
<% end skin %> |
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### News |
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Then we create our `news.tmpl`. As usual we start and end |
it with |
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<% skin myskin %> |
... |
<% end skin %> |
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Then we define our view: |
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<% view news uses content::news extends master %> |
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Note: |
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- It `extends master` - i.e. derived from `master` view |
- It uses `content::news` and because `content::news` derived from `content::master` it works. |
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Then we override a title using original title: |
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<% template title() %><% include master::title() %> :: News<% end % |
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And define our central content: |
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<% template page_content() %> |
<% foreach message in news_list %> |
<ul> |
<% item %> |
<li><%= message %></li> |
<% end %> |
</ul> |
<% end foreach %> |
<% end template %> |
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### Page |
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We do the same for `page.tmpl` |
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<% skin myskin %> |
<% view page uses content::page extends master %> |
<% template title() %><% include master::title() %> :: <%= page_title %><% end %> |
<% template page_content() %> |
<%= page_content | raw %> |
<% end template %> |
<% end view %> |
<% end skin %> |
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### Introduction |
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Now we create our final `intro` view, but in its case |
we do not add any new content as we don't need it - we reuse `content::master` |
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<% skin myskin %> |
<% view intro uses content::master extends master %> |
<% template page_content() %> |
<p><a href='<% url "/page" %>'>The Page</a></p> |
<p><a href='<% url "/news" %>'>The News</a></p> |
<% end template %> |
<% end view %> |
<% end skin %> |
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Note: we use `<% url ... %>` tag from the templates the same way we used it from the application in [this](wikipp/en/page/cppcms_1x_tut_url_mapping) tutorial. |
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## Controller |
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We create a usual mapping to `intro`, `news` and `page` functions: |
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dispatcher().assign("",&myapp::intro,this); |
mapper().assign(""); |
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dispatcher().assign("/news",&myapp::news,this); |
mapper().assign("news","/news"); |
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dispatcher().assign("/page",&myapp::page,this); |
mapper().assign("page","/page"); |
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mapper().root("/myapp"); |
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Please note, because there is no direct HTML page |
that renders `master` content we do not create a mapping |
for it. On the other hand we do want to setup the |
shared master content for all links. |
So we create a small function that initializes the content: |
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void ini(content::master &c) |
{ |
c.title = "My Web Site"; |
} |
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Then we define our "pages": |
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void intro() |
{ |
content::master c; |
ini(c); |
render("intro",c); |
} |
void page() |
{ |
content::page c; |
ini(c); |
c.page_title = "About"; |
c.page_content = "<p>A page about this web site</p>"; |
render("page",c); |
} |
void news() |
{ |
content::news c; |
ini(c); |
c.news_list.push_back("This is the latest message!"); |
c.news_list.push_back("This is the next message."); |
c.news_list.push_back("This is the last message!"); |
render("news",c); |
} |
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**Notes:** |
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- Each one of them renders the view it needs |
- Each one of then uses their own content |
- Each one of them calls shared `ini()` function |
to setup the `master` content for all. |
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## Building |
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Please note, even thought each view has its own file |
the order of compilation is important so the `page.tmpl` |
would be compiled after `master.tmpl`. So in our |
Makefile we write: |
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cppcms_tmpl_cc master.tmpl page.tmpl news.tmpl intro.tmpl -o my_skin.cpp |
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It would not work of `master.tmpl` would not be the |
first in the list. |
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